Pelvic inflammatory disease to PID has been a factor in the lives of women in the western world for at least 500 year. It effects up to 5% of US women at sometime during their life and its effects can be long-lasting and devastating. In the episode, part 1 of 2, we delve into the history, prevalence, causes, and consequences of PID.

 

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History

John Hirth. Syphilis – Its early history and Treatment until Penicillin and the Debate on its Origins. Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health. 20(4). 2012

Goupil Bernutz. Clinical Memoirs on the Diseases of Women. 1866

Matthew Mann. A System of Gynecology – Vol. 1. 1887 Prevalence

L. Westrom. Incidence, prevalence, and trends of acute pelvic inflammatory disease and its consequences in industrialized countries. 138:880. 1980 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Statistics. CDC. 2015 Definition

Howard Kelly. The Diagnosis of Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases. 1894. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) – CDC Fact Sheet. CDC. 2015 R. Brunham, S. Gottlieb. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. NEJM 372:2309-2048. 2015. Causes

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) – CDC Fact Sheet. CDC. 2015 R. Brunham, S. Gottlieb. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. NEJM 372:2309-2048. 2015. JA McGregor, et al. Bacterial vaginosis is associated with prematurity and vaginal fluid mucinase and sialidase: results of a controlled trial of topical clindamycin cream. AJOG. 170(4):1048-59. 1994 DL Draper, et al. Levels of vaginal secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor are decreased in women with lower reproductive tract infections. AJOG. 183(5):1243-8. 2000 I Simms, et al. Associations between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachoma’s and pelvic inflammatory disease. J Clin Pathology. 56(8):616-618. 2003. CR Cohen, et al. Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in women with laparoscopically diagnosed acute salpingitis. Sex Transm Infect. 81:463-466. 2005 Consequences

L Westrom. Effect of acute pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility. AJOG. 121(5):707-713. 1975 RB Ness, et al. Effectiveness of treatment strategies of some women with pelvic inflammatory disease: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol. 106(3):573-80. 2005. Cost

Rein DB, et al. Direct medical cost of pelvic inflammatory disease and its sequelae: decreasing, but still substantial. Obstet Gynecol. 95(3):397-402. 2000.

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